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92 pages 3 hours read

Maya Angelou

I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings

Maya AngelouNonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1969

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Chapters 13-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary

Vivian takes Maya to the hospital, where Bailey convinces his sister to tell him who raped her. Maya confesses, and Mr. Freeman is arrested. When the time comes for Mr. Freeman's trial, Maya comes to the courtroom with her family, except for Bailey. She wears a thick blue coat with brass buttons, and although the weather is too hot for a coat, in it, she feels shielded from this "strange and unfriendly place" (84). When the lawyer asks Maya if Mr. Freeman had ever touched her before the rape, she hesitates how to answer. The girl wants to tell everyone how Mr. Freeman "had loved [her] once for a few minutes and how he had held [her] close" (85), but she is too scared to disappoint her relatives. Maya realizes that Mr. Freeman has done something terrible, but she feels as if "[she] had helped him do it" (84), so she lies and tells the court that the rape was the first such instance.

Mr. Freeman receives his sentence, a year and a day in prison, but later the same day, his lawyer manages to get him released. One day, when Bailey and Maya are at Grandmother Baxter's house, a white policeman comes in. Maya is suddenly terrified that he has come to get her because she had lied before the court. Instead, he brings the news that Mr. Freeman was found dead behind the slaughterhouse. Grandmother Baxter only comments that "maybe it's better this way" (86) and offers the policeman a beer. Afterward, Maya convinces herself that Mr. Freeman was dead because of her lie and that there is evilness in her body that would escape and hurt people as soon as she opens a mouth. She decides to stop talking to everyone except Bailey, believing that she loves Bailey so much that she will never be able to hurt him.

At first, the family is understanding and interprets Maya's refusal to talk as "post-rape, post-hospital affliction" (87), but after some time, they reprimand Maya for her silence. Soon the Baxter family sends the siblings back to Stamps, and on the train, Maya has to console Bailey, who didn't want to leave his "Mother Dear" (88). As for Maya, she doesn't care where they live and concerns herself only with Bailey's emotional wellbeing. 

Chapter 14 Summary

The calmness and bareness of Stamps soothe Maya, and she feels as if "nothing more could happen, for in Stamps nothing happened" (89). The residents of Stamps come to the Store to hear stories about the siblings' travels "up North" (89), and Bailey gives in to his vivid imagination and peppers his anecdotes with sarcasm and exaggerations. Momma Henderson notices the change in his diction and comments that now he has "a silver tongue" (91), which makes him more like his father.

Maya, on the contrary, is quiet and withdrawn. She wonders if Uncle Willie knows about the rape and if he now thinks of her as "sinful and dirty" (92). Before their move to St. Louis, Maya used to remember all the Store's customers, but now their names and the details of their orders escape her memory. Residents of Stamps assume that Maya's unwillingness to talk results from her reluctance to come back to Momma Henderson because she prefers the glamorous bustle of St. Louis to the simple life of their town. They also perceive Maya as "tender-hearted" (92) and therefore treat her as someone who is constantly "a little sick or in delicate health" (92). 

Chapter 15 Summary

Having spent almost a year in quiet isolation, Maya gets to know Mrs. Bertha Flowers, who offers the girl her “first lifeline” (93). Mrs. Flowers is an educated and cultured woman, and in Maya’s eyes, she is “[their] side’s answer to the richest white woman in town” (93). Whenever Momma Henderson, with her imperfect grammar, spoke to Mrs. Flowers, Maya always felt ashamed, but as she grew older, she realized that the two women were “alike as sisters, separated only by formal education” (94).

Mrs. Flowers, with her manners and air of refinement, reminded Maya of elegant women from English novels she had read, and the girl secretly admired her. Therefore, when one day, Mrs. Flowers asks Maya to help her carry groceries home from the Store, Maya is very flattered and happy to help. When they get to the house, Mrs. Flowers treats Maya to some lemonade and cookies and offers her advice about learning from "the collective wisdom of generations" (100).

After they drink tea, Mrs. Flowers reads aloud the first pages of A Tale of Two Cities, and although Maya had read the book before, she is surprised how different it sounds. Mrs. Flowers gives Maya a couple of books and encourages her to read them aloud at home. She also asks Maya to recite a poem for her the next time the girl comes over for a visit. On her way to the Store, Maya is ecstatic, and she can’t wait to share all the details of their interaction with Bailey. 

Chapters 13-15 Analysis

After the family finds out about the rape and Mr. Freeman appears before the court, Maya is consumed with guilt. Too young to understand what had happened, she believes that the situation is her fault, and her family members don't know how to talk to Maya about the assault. Even though they try to be supportive during her stay at the hospital, visiting her and bringing her treats, they don't talk to her about what happened and thus do not help her process her trauma. She doesn't feel like she can open up to them because she is afraid to tell them the whole story and reveal that Mr. Freeman had abused her before he raped her. Too terrified of disappointing and angering her family, Maya doesn’t talk about her experience or how she feels about it. Moreover, she can't even confide in Bailey, with whom she has always shared everything, and this newfound alienation from her brother only exacerbates her mental state.

When Mr. Freeman is found dead, Maya convinces herself that his death is her fault. Her recent negative experiences become all-consuming, and she shuts herself off from the world. Instead of helping Maya work through her complicated emotions, her family sends her and Bailey back to Stamps, suggesting that they want to distance themselves from this unpleasant episode.

Upon her return to Stamps, the town becomes for Maya a kind of "cocoon" (89), where she feels safe. It is unclear whether Momma Henderson knows about the rape, and her attitude towards Maya remains unchanged. She provides for her grandchildren's comfort and safety but is not very responsive to their emotional needs. Therefore, Bailey and Maya have to process the recent painful experience on their own. As a result, Maya becomes even more withdrawn and hardly talks to anyone in Stamps.

It is at this time that Mrs. Flowers approaches Maya and invites the girl to her house for some lemonade. Their encounter changes not just how Maya sees the world but also how she sees herself. By talking to Maya about listening to the folk wisdom of her people and reading aloud, Mrs. Flowers shows Maya the power of the spoken word. Using Maya's fascination with books, Mrs. Flowers manages to pull Maya out of her self-imposed isolation and cultivates in her a sense of hope. Since Maya has long admired Mrs. Flowers for her sophistication and intelligence, the woman's attention revives Maya's spirits. 

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